These results show that steroid molecules synthesized in adrenocortical cells facilitate ACTH-induced Ca(2+) signals.
Taken together, corticosterone secreted from adrenocortical cells activatesACTH-induced Ca(2+) signals and steroidogenesis by nongenomic means.
The enhancement of ACTH-induced Ca(2+) signals was also observed with membrane-impermeable corticosterone conjugated to BSA and was not inhibited by cycloheximide.
These results suggest that corticosterone selectively stimulatesACTH-induced Ca(2+) signals in a nongenomic way by acting on a target in the plasma membrane.
Dibutyryl cyclic AMP, but not dibutyryl cyclic GMP, blocked the nociceptin-induced allodynia with an IC50 of 2.9 μg kg−1.
In the present study, we examined the effect of prostaglandins on nociceptin-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia.
PGE2, PGF2α, butaprost (an EP2 agonist) and cicaprost (a PGI receptor agonist) did not affect the nociceptin-induced allodynia.
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) blocked the allodynia induced by nociceptin in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 26 ng kg−1, but did not affect the nociceptin-induced hyperalgesia at doses up to 500 ng kg−1.
Atorvastatin prevented and partially reversed ACTH-induced hypertension in the rat.
The aim of the study was to assess whether pretreatment with Ato would prevent the development of ACTH-induced hypertension and whether established ACTH-induced hypertension could be reversed with subsequent administration of Ato in rats. 2.
Ato alone did not alter SBP, but Ato pretreatment prevented ACTH-induced hypertension compared with that in rats treated with ACTH alone (118 +/- 2 and 136 +/- 2 mmHg, respectively, P cent < 0.01).
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-induced hypertension is associated with nitric oxide (NO) deficiency and increased oxidative stress.
Pretreatment i.c.v. with various doses of naloxonazine, a mu1-opioid receptor antagonist, attenuated the antinociception induced by Tyr-W-MIF-1, endomorphin-1, endomorphin-2, or DAMGO.
However, that dose of D-Pro2-Tyr-W-MIF-1 significantly but not completely attenuated endomorphin-1 or DAMGO-induced antinociception, whereas the antinociception induced by endomorphin-2 was still not affected by D-Pro2-Tyr-W-MIF-1.
D-Pro2-Tyr-W-MIF-1 may also discriminate between Tyr-W-MIF-1-induced antinociception and the antinociception induced by endomorphin-1 or DAMGO, which both show a preference for the mu2-opioid receptor in the brain.
D-Pro2-Tyr-W-MIF-1 (0.25-2 nmol) co-administered i.c.v. showed a dose-dependent attenuation of the antinociception induced by Tyr-W-MIF-1 or DAMGO without affecting endomorphin-2-induced antinociception.
ME-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation was significantly reduced by PD-98059, the EGFR kinase inhibitor PD-153035 (10 microM), and chelerythrine (2 microM).
Administration of the selective MAPK inhibitor PD-98059 (10 nM) and the specific MEK1/2 inhibitor U-0126 (10 microM) also inhibited ME-induced cardioprotection.
We conclude that ME-induced cardioprotection is mediated via Src-dependent EGFR transactivation and activation of the PI3K and MAPK pathways.
To verify that MEactivates EGFR and to determine the involvement of Src, Western blotting of EGFR was performed after ME administration with and without herbimycin A.
N/OFQ rapidly stimulated phosphorylation and activity of MAPK (p42 and p44 isoforms) in a concentration-dependent manner.
Furthermore, N/OFQ-stimulated MAPK activation was suppressed by a protein kinase C-specific inhibitor, chelerythrine.
U-73122, a phospholipase C-specific inhibitor, significantly inhibited phospholipase C activity, as well as MAPK activationstimulated by N/OFQ.
The results demonstrate that N/OFQ can effectively stimulate MAPK by the activation of ORL1 receptor and pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins, and that phospholipase C, as well as protein kinase C, is critically involved in these processes.
DLS may play a role in ACTH-induced hypertension in the rat.
Progesterone (50 mg/kg/day) did not block the development of ACTH-induced hypertension in the rat.
This study examined the ability of progesterone to antagonize the onset and development of ACTH-induced hypertension in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 44).
Although progesterone prevented the ACTH-induced rise in plasma sodium and glucose concentration, it did not prevent the decrease in plasma potassium concentration.
Pretreatment i.t. with various doses of naloxonazine, a mu(1)-opioid receptor antagonist, attenuated the antinociception induced by Tyr-W-MIF-1, endomorphin-1, endomorphin-2, or DAMGO.
However, higher doses of d-Pro(2)-Tyr-W-MIF-1 (0.8-1.2 nmol) significantly attenuated endomorphin-1- or DAMGO-induced antinociception, whereas the antinociception induced by endomorphin-2 was still not affected by d-Pro(2)-Tyr-W-MIF-1.
The present results clearly suggest that d-Pro(2)-Tyr-W-MIF-1 is the selective antagonist to be identified for the mu(2)-opioid receptor in the mouse spinal cord. d-Pro(2)-Tyr-W-MIF-1 may also discriminate between Tyr-W-MIF-1-induced antinociception and the antinociception induced by endomorphin-1 or DAMGO, all of which show a preference for the mu(2)-opioid receptor in the spinal cord.
Quertle searches for relationships, such as "A causes B".
Thus, it is best to focus your initial query on the core concepts of interest,
such as "what causes B".
Then, add additional terms, such as "mice", and dates when you filter the results.
Authors and journals should be entered into their own search boxes.
Example
use this: caffeine treats migraines
instead of this: caffeine treats migraines in mice 2009 Smith
Start typing a name to display a list of authors.
As you type more, the list will update accordingly.
When you see the author you want, select that name from the list.
Separate multiple authors by a comma.
If more than one author is entered, the results must contain ALL of the names.
Start typing to display a list of journals.
As you type more, the list will update accordingly.
When you see the journal you want, select it from the list.
Separate multiple journals by a comma.
The results will be for ANY of the entered publications.
This tab displays documents containing relationships that match your query.
As you filter the results, the number will update.
This tab displays documents simply containing your search terms,
not necessarily in a meaningful relationship.
As you filter the results, the number will update.
To remove any filter, click its .
When multiple filters are applied, all can be removed using the
that appears next to this hint.
Or, click on any of the filters to remove all filters below that level.
Filter documents to those that contain the additional term anywhere within the relevant text
including the title, abstract, body (for full-text), and MeSH terms.
Key Concepts related to your query will appear in this list.
If you used a Power Term™, the members of that class of objects appearing in the relationships
will be shown. If other terms in your query represent a group of entities (such as "neurotransmitters"), these may
be also be listed in separate sections.
If your query contains the term "what" (for example, "what controls cell cycle"), the first set of
terms listed are specifically from the portion of the relationship that might contain the "what".
All queries will also have a section called "General Concepts". These are additional concepts that
may be of interest.
Click on a term to display only those results that contain the concept of interest. The listed
concepts are based on a statistical sampling and are not all-inclusive.
It's easy - Quertle's friendly interface makes it simple to search and refine results.
It's powerful - Using its advanced semantics, Quertle finds quality search results, not just long lists.
It's inclusive - All of PubMed (MEDLINE) plus an ever increasing number of full-text documents.
NEW: More Content - News (so you can find information before publication in the literature) and whitepapers (corporate research reports and scientific posters).
Find Relationships, not Just Keywords
If you search for two or more terms, you will find occurrences of a conceptual relationship, not just the
terms scattered within the same document.
Focus on Core Concepts
Since Quertle searches for Relationships,
all the terms in your query must be found together in a meaningful way.
Thus, Quertle immediately gives you results with more relevance.
Unleash the Strength of Power Terms™
Use Power Terms to search for categories of objects. For instance, you can use "$Protein" to
search for any protein, rather than the occurrence of the term, "protein".
View all Power Terms.
Search Full-text Documents
The Quertle search engine has been optimized to search
full-text documents, including the Material and Methods section
(but not the Bibliography).
Use Real Biology & Chemistry Terms
Quertle recognizes capital "TWIST"
as the transcription factor (not the verb),
and capital "NO" as "nitrous oxide"(not a negative).
So, use proper capitalization in your query, and you won't be lost in a sea of irrelevant results.
Look for the Quertle Difference on the Results Page
» More relevant results
» Easy filtering and breadcrumb tracking
» Automatic identification of key concepts
» Single-click access to PDFs of full-text documents
Quertle is a registered trademark of Quertle, LLC.
PubMed & MEDLINE are registered trademarks of the National Library of Medicine.
Relationships vs. Keywords
Relationships are conceptual facts based on the context and implication of the text.
A document may have more than one relationship relevant to your search.
Click on "Expand All Relationships" to view more relationships.
Keyword Results, in contrast, are independent of context and
simply have your search terms anywhere within the document.
Results Order
Results are initially ordered by relevance to your search.
You can also sort by publication date.
Note that documents with a date of "Epub" (an electronic publication ahead of print).
will be sorted based on their expected publication date.
Easy to Use Filters
Several types of filters, such as Published Within (date)
and Publication Type are found in the Filters section,
making it easy to focus in on what is most important.
Key Concepts
In the Filters section, use the automatically extracted Key Concepts
to refine the Relationship results.
General Concepts, as well as action words can also be used for filtering.
Click on the desired term to limit the relationships shown to those containing
the selected concept.
Highlighting
Terms (and their synonyms) used in your query will be highlighted.
You have the option to turn highlighting off.
Power Terms™
Use any of the following Power Terms in your query to represent an entire class of related concepts.
Click on a term to add it to the current query (or type them directly).
Power Terms can be combined in a single query.
The most common Power Terms are shown below; for more, see the
full list of Power Terms.
Sample queries for several fields are shown. Click the desired query to execute any of the samples.
Note that queries are focused on Relationships, leaving modifier terms to be applied as filters.
Molecular Biology Examples
p53 Bax - looking for relationships
between these proteins
p53 $PositiveActions Foxp3 - looking specifically
for papers that have
the concept "p53 has a positive effect on Foxp3" - not simply papers that include the terms
cell cycle - looking for information
about this process
.
